How Simple Can it Be?

We can learn from the rules of the Kyoto Protocol that already apply between Annex-I countries, where all land use and land cover changes is accounted for, without restriction to any specific concept of 'forest', and without loss of national sovereignty over mechanisms. That accounting framework includes all changes in carbon stock (including peat lands, trees outside forests, agroforestry lands) plus flows of other greenhouse gasses.

A simple solution to the issue of 'avoided deforestation' at the international level would be to allow developing countries to be voluntarily listed in a new Annex X. These countries would follow current rules for land use and land cover related emissions that exist between Annex-I countries, while leaving the energy related emissions for future consideration. The Clean Development Mechanism would still apply in the energy sector, but the issuance of 'carbon credits' and associated markets would follow established procedures for Annex-I countries. No new procedures will be needed, transaction costs can be much reduced.

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