Land Uses

Brazil

1) pastures, both extensive and intensive;

2) simple, intensive tree-crop systems, monoculture coffee plantations (1000 plants ha-1), assuming a 7 years establishment phase plus 5 more years of production for a total rotation time of 12 years;

3) simple intensive agroforestry systems, multistrata agroforestry systems (includes 3 systems - coffee + rubber, coffee + banderra, cupuacu + pupunha + castanha) with an establishment phase of 12 years and rotation time of 20 years;

4) intensive crop-short fallow systems, annual crop-fallow cycles with a 3 years cropping and 5 years of natural bush fallow;

5) intensive crop-short fallow systems , annual crop-improved tree fallow (inga or senna) cycles with 3 years cropping and 5 years of fallow.

Cameroon

1) intensive crop-short fallow systems, 2 years annual cropping followed by 4 years of chromolaena fallow,

2) crop-short fallow system, 2 years cropping followed by 9 years of bush-tree fallow,

3) crop-long fallow system, 2 years cropping followed by 23 years of bush-tree fallow,

4) extensive agroforests, 2 years cropping followed by establishment of cacao (jungle cacao) with a 25 year establishment phase and 40 year rotation,

4) extensive agroforests, a premanent, nonrotational cacao system established through gap and understrory plantings of cacao,

5) simple, intensive tree-crop systems, 1 year cropping followed by establishment of an oil palm plantation with 146 trees ha^-1 with a 7 year establishment phase and a 25 year rotation.

Indonesia

1) extensive agroforests, 2 years annual cropping followed by establishment of a rubber plantation (jungle rubber) with a 25 year establishment phase and 30 year rotation time,

2) extensive agroforests , a nonrotational, permanent rubber agroforestry system established through understorey and gap plantings,

3) simple, intensive tree-crop systems, establishment of an industrial oil palm plantation with 120 trees ha^-1 and an establishment phase of 7 years and rotation time of 25 years,

4) simple, intensive tree-crop systems, establishment of an industrial timber plantation of fast growing trees (Paraserianthes, Eucalyptus, Acacia) with a rotation time of 8 years,

5) continuous annual cropping systems, 7 years of cassava followed by 3 years of Imperata grassland.