<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Hairiah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suprayogo, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widianto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widodo, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Noordwjik, M.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">asb@cgiar.org</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conversion of Forest to Coffee-Based Agroforestry in Sumberjaya, West Lampung, Indonesia: Litter Layer, Population Density of Earthworm and Soil Macroporosity.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Ecology and Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASB</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem engineer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest conversion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter residence time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Litter thickness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macroporosity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">224</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45-57</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest conversion to coffee-based agroforestry leads to sudden disappearance of the litter layer and a decrease in the rate of litter fall, reducing food for ecosystem engineers such as earthworms. With time, however, a new litter layer is created potentially returning to forest-like conditions at the soil surface. This research quantified litter thickness, earthworm populations and soil macroporosity in response to land use change in the Sumberjaya benchmark area (West Lampung, Indonesia) by comparing: (a) remnant forest (control); (b) multistrata shaded coffee with fruit and timber trees, as well as nitrogen-fixing shade trees; (c) shaded coffee (nitrogen-fixing shade trees, but less than five tree species per plot); and (d) sun coffee (‘monoculture’) with coffee forming more than 80% of total stem basal area. Plots were selected with tree ages of 7–10 years in three slope classes: (a) flat (0–10°); (b) medium (10–30°); and (c) steep (&gt;30°). The mean standing necromass was 6.1, 4.5, 3.8 and 3.0 Mg ha−1 for forest, multistrata, shade coffee and sun coffee, respectively, without significant influences of slope. Fine, partly decomposed litter was 33–40% of total necromass, coarse leaf litter 14–16%, and twigs and branches comprised the remaining 43–52%. Soil organic carbon content (Corg) was highest in the forest. The largest annual litter input was found in the remnant forest (14 Mg ha−1 year−1), followed by multistrata, shaded and monoculture coffee systems, i.e., 9.8, 6.6 and 4.0 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></section></record></records></xml>