<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Noordwijk, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Roode, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCallie, E.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B Lusiana</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">asb@cgiar.org</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erosion and Sedimentation as Multiscale, Fractal Processes: Implications for Models, Experiments and the Real World.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Erosion at Multiple Scales, Principles and Methods for Assessing Causes and Impacts.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agriforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agro-forestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">agroforestry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">erosion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">infiltration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nutrients</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic matter in soil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">productivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reviews</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sediment yield</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">slope</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil conservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil fertility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soil organic matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">strip cropping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water balance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19981916103.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAB International</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallingford, UK</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223-253</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Past research and existing models allow a fair prediction of the soil and water balance at plot level under different land-use types, but do not apply to the landscape mosaics of the real world. A classification scheme for landscapes on the basis of the presence of 'filter' strips in between cropped fields is proposed and the research needed to 'scale-up' from homogeneous experimental plots to heterogeneous landscapes is researched. Both slope length and width can affect the net soil loss per unit area from a mosaic element. Total water and sediment yields from landscapes with a partial tree cover (agroforestry) may respond differently to interventions. For sediment load of rivers the location of trees may be more important than the area covered by trees, as riparian strips can intercept substantial sediment movement from upslope. By contrast, total water yield and base flow of rivers may be determined by the percentage forest cover, virtually independent of tree location. Farm productivity effects of vegetative soil conservation measures are a net effect of the labour and other costs involved and the yield. Harvested yield per unit area depends on the area occupied by the soil conservation strips, the effects on crop yields of soil redistribution within the slope, effects of heterogeneous water infiltration, shading and competition for water and nutrients between vegetation and crop, and effects on the soil organic matter balance. The WaNuLCAS model for spatially zoned agroforestry systems can predict where the net physical yield effect can be positive. Erosion and sedimentation processes primarily affect the heterogeneity of soil fertility within a landscape. The main issues thus are whether or not fertility can be exploited on the place where it ends up, and whether or not this outweighs the yield opportunities lost at the sites of net soil loss.</style></abstract><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), PO Box 161, Bogor, Indonesia.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>