BNPP/ASB Functional Value of Biodiversity Project – Phase II 

3.2 Strategy and implementation 

1. Assemble the dataframe required for the application of the VIC hydrology model to the Mekong river drainage basin (and Mae Chaem/Ping, and conceivably to Chao Phrya).

2. Assemble the dataframe required for the model application in Northern Thailand, focusing on VIC and exploring the advantages and feasibility of DHSVM.

3.  Provide model simulations on both dataframes (using the respective model) over a standard climatology and either a "standard" rainfall, or a "typical actual rainfall record" (ie. last 10 years).

4.  Produce modeled output with landcover alterations of forested landscapes at various degrees and in different upland and floodplain configuration so as to stimulate a range of landuse change scenarios. 

5. Report the results of all model simulations in terms of: 
· total yield by time at locations upstream from major urban centers and at the coastal zone,
· seasonal variability of total flow related to seasonality of the simulated rainfall data, 
· duration of storm events effects on stage height at location upstream from major urban centers.

Activity 2. Micro/meso modeling of Hydrological Processes and Cross-Scale Effects  
Lead UW
Collaborator ICRAF/Bogor and Chiang Mai, and Chulalongkorn University; in consultation with World Bank.  
Description These tasks (1 to 5) will include explicit consideration of the broader questions of the BNPP program, including far-field effects relative to local consequences (landuse change, precipitation patterns, hazards), and ultimately biodiversity and watershed functions.  

The work being executed here is predicted on the ability to dynamically describe the movement of water in drainage basins, from its mobilization across the landscape to small streams, and subsequently down the channel system to large rivers. The methodology chosen is to utilize a set of hydrology models, and the dataframes required to support them. An integral part of determining “real-life” scale effects in river basins is to examine the properties of scaling in the models themselves. The strategy is to first examine the properties of the Mekong, both as a case study and as a critical system in its own right. As a “mesoscale’ study, different levels of resolution will be considered. The second part of the strategy is to follow the resultant signals back upstream, conceptually, by looking in finer detail at a representative “micro” drainage basin,  the Mae Chaem , northwestern Thailand (note: as a basin of several thousand km2, this is larger than typically considered “micro” in hydrology).

Output For each of the reported results listed above select subbasins at a variety of sizes and summarize the effect of basin scale on these modeled results. The purpose of these tasks is to identify a relationship between basin size and variation in the structure of the modeled hydrograph.
Linkages to policy-briefs and other deliverables Collaborative work on manuscripts and policy briefs corresponding to Activity 2
Milestones  Scientific papers 
Date Expected 1st December 2003
References

  • Abdulla, F., D.P. Lettenmaier, E.F. Wood, and J.A. Smith (1996): Application of a macroscale hydrologic model to estimate the water balance of the Arkansas-Red river basin. J. Geophysical Research 101 (D3): 744-749.

  • Cherkauer, K.A., and D.P. Lettenmaier (1999): Hydrologic effects of frozen soils in the Mississippi river basin. J. Geophysical Research 104 (D16): 19599-19610.

  • Kuraji, K. and K. Punyatrong. Altitudinal Increase in Rainfall in the Mae Chaem Watershed, Thailand. 2001. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 79(1B):353-363.

  • Liang, X., D.P. Lettenmaier, E.F. Wood, and S.J. Burges (1994): A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for General Circulation Models. J. Geophysical Research 99: 14415-14428.

  • Nijssen, B., D.P. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, S.W. Wetzel, and E.F. Wood (1997): Streamflow simulation for continental-scale river basins. Water Resources Research 33(2): 711-724.

  • Nijssen, B., R. Schnur, and D.P. Lettenmaier (2001a): Global retrospective estimation of soil moisture using the Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model, 1980-1993. J. Climate 14: 1790-1808.

  • Nijssen, B., G.M. O’Donnell, D.P. Lettenmaier, D. Lohmann, and E.F. Wood (2001b): Predicting the discharge of global rivers. J. Climate 14: 3307-3323.

  • Su, F.G., and Z.H. Xie (2003): The model for assessing effects of climate change on runoff of China. Progress in Natural Science.

  • James A. Tindall, J.A.,  J. Kunkel, and D.E. Anderson. Unsaturated Zone Hydrology for Scientists and Engineers. Prentice Hall. New Jersey, 1999.

  • Wigmosta, M.S., L. Vail, and D. P. Lettenmaier, 1994: A distributed hydrology-vegetation model for complex terrain, Wat. Resour. Res., 30, 1665-1679.

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Last updated: 27 November, 2003     ©2003 ASB. All rights reserved.